A Visual Atlas of Skeletal Growth and Development

Each chapter focuses on a specific element and provides visualizations at annual increments along with multiple views. The long bones, elements of the pelvic and shoulder girdles, and the skull are included in this resource. The visualizations are derived from virtual reconstructions of computed tomography scans of actual subadult material carefully selected and chosen to exemplify typical developmental stages at each age. In addition to the visualizations, statistical data on ages of appearance of ossification centers and epiphyseal fusion are provided in tables for quick comparison and reference. Univariate age estimation diagrams, along with a broader discussion and recommendations for subadult age estimation, are also provided. These data and images were derived from data collected from approximately 5,000 individuals via medical images in eight countries that are curated in the Subadult Virtual Anthropology Database.